Colonial South Asia In 1608, the English East India Company established a settlement at Surat (now in the state of Gujarat), and this became the company's first headquarters town. It was followed in 1611 by a permanent factory at Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast, and in 1612 the company joined other already established European trading companies in Bengal. However, following the decline of the Mughal Empire in 1707 and after the East India Company's victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and Battle of Buxar, both in Bengal 1764, the Company gradually began to formally expand its dominions and collectively call the area India. By the mid-19th century, the East India Company had become the paramount political and military power in South Asia, its territory held in trust for the British Crown.
Company rule in Bengal, however, ended with the Government of India Act 1858 following the events of the Bengal Rebellion of 1857. From then known as British India, it was thereafter directly ruled by the British Crown as a colonial possession of the United Kingdom, and India was officially known after 1876 as the British Indian Empire. India consisted of regions referred to as British India that were directly administered by the British, with Acts established and passed in the British Parliament, House of Commons. and other regions, the Princely States, that were ruled by local rulers of different ethnic backgrounds. These rulers were allowed a measure of internal autonomy in exchange for British suzerainty. British India constituted a significant portion of India both in area and population; in 1910, for example, it covered approximately 54% of the area and included over 77% of the population.[8] In addition, there were Portuguese and French exclaves in India. Independence from British rule was achieved in 1947 with the formation of two nations, the Dominions of India and Pakistan, the latter also including East Bengal, present-day Bangladesh.
Presidency towns (1600–1765)
Madras Presidency: established 1640.
Bombay Presidency: East India Company's headquarters moved from Surat to Bombay (Mumbai) in 1687.
Bengal Presidency: established 1690.
The East India Company, which was incorporated on December 31, 1600, established trade relations with Indian rulers in Masulipatam on the east coast in 1611 and Surat on the west coast in 1612. The company rented a trading outpost in Madras in 1639. Bombay, which was ceded to the British Crown by Portugal as part of the wedding dowry of Catherine of Braganza in 1661, was in turn granted to the East India Company to be held in trust for the Crown.
Meanwhile, in eastern India, after obtaining permission from the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan to trade with Bengal, the Company established its first factory at Hoogly in 1640. Almost a half-century later, after Emperor Aurengzeb forced the Company out of Hooghly, Calcutta was founded by Job Charnock in 1686. By the mid-18th century the three principal trading settlements, now called the Madras Presidency (or the Presidency of Fort St. George), the Bombay Presidency, and the Bengal Presidency (or the Presidency of Fort William) were each administered by a Governor.
Soon to Update:
2 Anna :,1919,1935,1940,1943,1945,1946,1947,
1 Anna ,1916,1917,1918,1919,1924,1925,1927,1928,1929,1930,1934,1935,1936,1939,1940,1941,1942,,1943,1944,1947
1 /4Anna ,1893,1897,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1910,1912,1913,1917,1918,1919,1920,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1933,1934,1935,1936,1939,1940
1 /12 Anna ,1912,1914,1915,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1923,1925,1926,,1927,1928,1929,1930,1932,1933,
1934,1935,1936,1941
1/2 Pice
1901,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,,1934,1935,1936,,1939,1940
1901,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,,1934,1935,1936,,1939,1940
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